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General John Tipton had been working with state commissioners appointed to select a site for the state capitol of Indiana. When he passed through this particularly beautiful area of southeastern Indiana, he was so impressed that he purchased from the government several tracts of choice land, near the confluence of the Flatrock and Driftwood Rivers. At the urging of General Tipton and General Joseph Bartholomew, the state legislature, on January 12, 1821, enacted legislation establishing a new county in this area to be named Bartholomew County.

The site of the new county seat was located on the land of General Tipton and Luke Bonsteel. The new village was named Tiptona, after General Tipton, who had donated 30 acres of land for the village. Within a short time, however, political differences between Tipton and the newly elected County Commissioners resulted in a new name for the village. In March of 1821, the village name was changed to Columbus. Angered, Tipton left Columbus, never to return.

The rich lands of Bartholomew County attracted settlers, many from the south, looking for an opportunity to possess good land. Those who purchased land during the "Opening Period" of 1820-21 had a choice selection of fertile lands along the streams of Driftwood, Flatrock, Hawcreek, the "Hawpatch" and the second bottoms along the main streams. Although the first settlers had little means, they were quite industrious.

Almost immediately, grist mills, saw mills, woolen mills and distilleries were established along the main streams, utilizing the abundant water power to process the produce of the county. The produce of these early industries was loaded into flatboats and floated out of the wilderness to markets as far south as New Orleans. Hogs were driven on foot over the Madison State Road to the pork-packing houses in Madison.

The citizens of Columbus first petitioned for incorporation of the town in 1835. That effort failed. Undaunted, a petition was resubmitted and in 1837, Columbus was incorporated as a town. Trustees were elected by the 34 citizens who had turned out to vote. It wasn't until 1864 that Columbus was incorporated as a city. Smith Jones was the first elected mayor.

There were no public schools in the early history of the county. Education was provided by groups of neighbors, who would hire a teacher and provide the necessary space. Organized education began with the Liberty School and Meeting House. Built in 1829, it was used for educational and religious purposes. The Old Seminary was built in 1838.

The Constitution of Indiana established a public schools system in 1851. Following the lead another building for the education of students of all grades was erected in 1859, on the site where the current Central School now stands. Higher education in the county was available at Hartsville College and the Moravian Center for Young Ladies at Hope, which became the Hope Normal School. The Bates Conservatory of Music was located right in Columbus.

On July 4, 1844, the whistle of the first railroad train arriving in Columbus from Madison sounded the death knell of the flatboat era. The Madison & Indianapolis Railroad was followed by a line from Jeffersonville in 1852, another to Shelbyville in 1853, and one to Greensburg in 1855. With the markets of the east and south now easily accessible, Bartholomew County continued to prosper. Columbus changed from a frontier village to a regional marketing center. Local capital became more readily available with the establishment of the Kentucky Stock Bank in 1853, the successor to B.F. Jones & Co. founded the previous year.

During the Civil War, economic and industrial development in the area continued, due in large part to Camp Rendezvous. The Camp was an assembly point for troops and supplies, located on the outskirts of Columbus. Mooney's Tannery was relocated in Columbus from the town of Nineveh in 1863, in order to be on a railroad line. Griffith's Bank was established in 1863 as a depository for the plentiful federal funds disbursed in the area. Griffith was succeeded in 1865 by the First National Bank.

The early 1870s was a turning point in the economic development of the county. The McEwan & Sons Bank, successor to the Kentucky Stock Bank, failed in 1871. The bank's failure was finally settled for six cents on the dollar, precipitating the most severe economic crisis ever to face the county. However, a still favorable business climate saw the establishment of many industries in the following decade. Irwin's Bank, predecessor to the Irwin Union Trust Company, was established at this time.

In 1875, The Reeves brothers moved to Columbus and established the Hoosier Boy Plow Company. This was the forerunner of Reeves and Company, manufacturer of agricultural machinery and the Reeves Pulley Company, manufacturers of pulleys and variable speed transmissions. Other industries established in this period included American Starch Company, Ceraline Mills, F.T. Crump Brickyard, Saxony Woolens and the Orinoco Furniture Company, to name just a few. Columbus now had an industrial base to add to its tradition of rich agriculture and natural re sources.

Heavier industries moved into the area in the early and mid-20th Century. These included Cummins Diesel Engines, founded by Clessie Cummins and W.G. Irwin in 1919; Arvin Industries, founded by Q.C. Noblitt and Frank Sparks in 1927; and Cosco, Inc. founded by B.F. Hamilton and Sons in 1935. These industries, and others, were the foundation for the area's greatest period of industrial growth, from 1940 to 1960.

Farming, industry, business and natural beauty are all a part of the heritage of the city of Columbus and Bartholomew County. Add to this the traditional community values and easy going climate of southeastern Indiana and you have a recipe of success for all to enjoy!

In 1820, the land which is now Columbus was bought by General John Tipton and Luke Bonesteel. General Tipton built a log cabin on Mt. Tipton, a small hill overlooking White River and the surrounding flat, heavily forested, swampy valley. A ferry was established in order to avoid crossing both the Flat Rock and Driftwood rivers, which join only a short distance above the site of the ferry. This became a village of three or four log cabins and in 1821, the first store was added. In the same year, Bartholomew County was organized by an act of the State Legislature and named after the famous Indian fighter, General Joseph Bartholomew. 

General Joseph Bartholomew was a distinguished citizen of Clark County and a Senator in the State Legislature from 1821 to 1824. General Bartholomew was Lieutenant Colonel commanding a battalion of infantry at the Battle of Tippecanoe, where he was severely wounded. He died twenty-nine years later on the day of the presidential election of 1840. Bartholomew County, Indiana was named in his honor. Columbus, Indiana was chartered as a city in 1864. For years, it was recorded in the local history books that the land on which Columbus sits was donated by General Tipton. 

When the city of Columbus was first formed, it was called Tiptona. This name only lasted about a month, when the name was changed to Columbus. General Tipton was very upset by this, and he moved from Columbus. Later, when General Tipton became the Highway Commissioner for the state of Indiana, he decided to bypass Columbus. This was the first bypass road ever built. He was in charge of building a road from Indianapolis to Louisville and just south of Franklin, he built the Mauxferry Road and brought it south, around the west side of Columbus on its way to Seymour.

In 1844, the first railroad in Indiana reached Columbus from Madison, Indiana. This was known as the Madison branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The railroad caused the community to grow into one of the larger communities of the State of Indiana. By 1850, three more railroads came into the city.

Bartholomew County is divided into 12 Civil Townships as follows: Clay, Clifty, Columbus, Flat Rock, German, Harrison, Haw Creek, Jackson, Ohio, Rock Creek, Sand Creek and Wayne.

Bartholomew County was organized by legislative act January 8, 1821, which became effective February 12, 1821.

Columbus is the County Seat.

John Tipton, later United States Senator from Indiana, was connected in an interesting way with the founding of the County Seat at Columbus. He donated thirty acres for the site, and the commissioners, grateful for the donation, named the County Seat Tiptona, in honor of General Tipton. This was done February 15, 1821, however, on March 20, the commissioners rescinded their action, on account of Tipton's political views, it is supposed, and changed the name of the County Seat to Columbus.

The Underground Railroad ran through the Sandcreek Township town of Azalia. Azalia was a Quaker or "Friends" community. -- thanks to Chris West

Mineral Springs (now a subdivision) in Sandcreek Township was the site of an actual spring that, according to old newspaper articles, would draw an average of 100 visitors during the week and more on the weekends. -- thanks to Chris West

Cummins Diesel Engine Company began here and is still a vital part of the community. -- thanks to Chris West

According to the Society of Indiana Pioneers, an individual was a pioneer of our county if they resided here on or before December 31, 1830.

Indiana automobile License Plates issued in Bartholomew County start with the prefix 3 because it is the third county in alphabetical listing.

During WW2, Wakeman Hospital in Camp Atterbury was the largest hospital in the nation. -- thanks to Chris West

Columbus is known as the "Athens on the Prairie" for it's world-renowned architecture. -- thanks to Chris West

Jonathan Moore, a Revolutionary War veteran who settled in Clay township, was a body guard for General George Washington. -- thanks to Chris West

Bartholomew County had one of the first four colleges west of the mountains. The college was located in Hartsville and the father of Orville and Wilber Wright was a professor at that College.

Mount Healthy, in the southwest area of the county, was also a site of a highly prized mineral springs. Water from the springs was sold to visitors and there is still a small building along S.R.58 with the hand painted "Drink Mt. Healthy Water" still visible.

When the State Capital was moved from Corydon to Indianapolis the State Records rested for the night just north of Azalia making that location a temporary State Capital.